Byle jakie chodniki, straszne nawyki. Rząd nie dla ludzi a dla samych siebie.

* A Grammatical word (or empty word, or function word) has little or no identifiable meaning but has one or more grammatical functions. It ...

Word- there is no exact definition of a word. Some say that it is the smallest (unlike phrase) significant (unlike phoneme) unit of a given ...

Descriptive approach to language: tries to explain things as they actually are, not as we wish them to be, tries to find the unconscious rul...

Some insights into the nature of language can be gained by examining its history that means examining it diachronically, and some can be gai...

People use not only informative signals, which are unintentionally sent (e.g. sneezing: indicating cold), but also use language to intention...

Ferdinand De Saussure distinguished 4 properties of linguistic sign. Two central are called arbitrariness and linearity. - The arbitrariness...

Dziecko ma concept ''zwierzęcia'', zna słowo ''pies'', widzi kurę i mówi, '' pać pieś!'...

De Saussure wanted to define language in such a way that it could be considered a thing, an object that could be studied scientifically (he ...

REGURAL PLURALS The plural of most nouns is made by just adding -s to the singular. But there are some special cases./ Liczbe mnoga dla wie...

USE: To talk about things that happen regularly, repeatedly or all the time/ o rzeczach ktore wydarzaja sie regularnie, powtarzaja sie, lub ...

sth = something/cos/ sb = somebody/ktos/ Bezokolicznik / infinitve...Past Simple ..Imieslow Bierny / Past Participle Abide.....................