Present Simple

USE:
To talk about things that happen regularly, repeatedly or all the time/ o rzeczach ktore wydarzaja sie regularnie, powtarzaja sie, lub dzieja sie niustannie.
To talk abut permanent situations/ o sytuacjac nie ulegajacych zmianie
What do frogs eat?
It always rains here in November.
I play tennis every saturday.
Manti works for an insurance company. (she was working, is working, and will be working for them)
We do not normally use the Present Simple to talk about temporary situatins or actions that are only going on around the present..
Water boils at 100 Celsius. (permanent) but The kettle is boiling- shall I make tea? (now)
It usually snows in January. but Look!- it's snowing!
But with verbs that do not have progressive (-ing) form for 'around the present meaning' we use the Present Simple.
like- I like this wine very much.
believe- I beleve you.
We do not normally use the Present Simple to talk about the future, however the Prsent Simple is usedfor 'timetable' future events.
Her train arrives at 11:40.
I start my new job tomorow.
And the Simple Present is often used instead 'will' in subordinate clauses that refer to the future. I will kill anybody who touches my possessions.
I will phone you when i get home.
The Simple Present is also used in suggestions with 'Why don't you...?'
Why don't you take a day off tomorrow?
When we talk about series of completed actions and events. In demonstrations, commentaries, instructions and present tense stories.
First I take a bowl and break two eggs into it.
Lydiard passes to Taylor, Talor shoots- and it's a goal!
How do I get to the station?- You go straight on to the traffic lights, then you turn left...
So I go into the office, and I see this man, and he says to me...
Sometimes we do things by saying special words( e.g. pomising, agreeing).
I promise never to smoke again.
I swear that I will tell the truth.
I agree.
He denies the accusations.
The simple present is used with a perfect or past meaning in introductory expressions like:
I hear, I gather, I understand, I see...
I hear you are getting married. (= I have heard this)
I see there has been trouble down there in the factory.
I gther Manti is looking for a job.
Quotations are often introduced with says:
No doubt you all remember what Hamlet says about suicide.
It says in the paper that petrol's going up again.
Note also the structure here comes and there goes...
Here comes your husband.
There goes our bus- we'll have to wait for the next one.
Verbs that refer to physical feelings e.g. feel, hurt, ache, can often be used in simple or progessive tense withot much difference of meaning.
How do you feel? or How are you feeling?
My head aches. or My head is aching.
Some fixed phrases that are used in letter-writing can be expressed either in the simple present (more formal) or in the present progressive (less formal).
We write to advise you. (less formal: We are writing to let you know...)
I enclose my cheque for 200 zloty. (less formal: I am enclosing...)
I look forward to hearing from you. (less formal: I am looking forward to hearing...)
1. Statement/twierdzenie
I go to bed early.
You go to bed early.
He/
She/ goes to bed early.
It/
We sleep every night.
You work all days.
They go to bed early.

Often used with/Czesto uzywany ze slowami: always, never, ever, sometimes, rarely, often, usually, frequently.
Because they indicate how freqently you do sth, we place them between operator and verb/ bo oznaczaja jak czesto cos robimy, wstawiamy je pomiedzy osobe i czasownik:
I often ride a horse.
She rarely eats chocolate.
Only it this tense, in statements, to verbs for persons he, she, it- we add suffix -s, -es/ tylko w tym czasie, w zdaniach twierdzacych liczby pojedynczej, do czasownika odmienionego przez osoby: on, ona, ono dodajemy koncówke -s/-es.
she goes
it laughs
he sings
2. Negtion/zaprzeczenie
I do not go to bed early. ( I don't go...)
You do not go to bed early.
He/
She/ does not go to bead early
It/
In negations the suffix -s has to be added to auxiliary do/ w zaprzeczeniach koncowka -s dodawana jest do czasownika posilkowego do.
We don't do this too often.
You don't go there at all.
They don't meet at nights.
3. Question/pytanie
To ask a simple question we would start from Do...to ask more detailed question we would start with: where/gdzie, how/jak, when/kiedy, who/kto, what/co.
Do I know you?
How do I know you?/ the w/h question word we put infront of the auxiliary do.
Do you love me?
How much do you love me?
Does he go to bed every night?
What time does he go to bed?
Does Manti remember me?
Why doesn't she remember me?
Does it sleep at night?
In questions the suffix -s has to be added to auxiliary do/ w pytaniach koncowka -s dodawana jest do czasownika posilkowego do.
Who does it want to play with?
Do we want to stay?
Do you want to stay?
Do they want to stay?
Mozna tez zapodac poetycko ''czyz ja cie nie znam?, czyz ty mnie nie kochasz?''/Don't I know you?, Don't you love me?
For questions starting with Do... simple yes/no answer will do./ dla pytan zaczynajacych sie od Do zazwycaj odpowiedz tak/nie jest wystarczajaca.
-Do you miss me Manti?
-Yes, I do.
-Does she know?
-No, she doesn't.

The structure of a syllable and phonotactic constraints

Czasowiki Nieregularne Irregular Verbs

sth = something/cos/

sb = somebody/ktos/

Bezokolicznik/infinitve...Past Simple..Imieslow Bierny/Past Participle
Abide................................Abode................Abidden .....przebywac

Arise.................................Arose.................Arisen .....powstac

Awake..............................Awoke................Awoken ....obudzic

Be......................................Was/Were.........Been .....byc

Bear..................................Bore....................Borne ....niesc

Beat..................................Beat.....................Beaten .....bic

Become............................Became...............Become .....stac sie

Begin.................................Began..................Begun .....zaczac

Behold..............................Beheld................Beheld .....spstrzec

Bend.................................Bent....................Bent .....zgiac

Bereave...........................Bereft..................Bereft .....pozbawc

Bereave...........................Bereaved............Bereaved .....osierocic

Bet...................................Bet.......................Bet .....zalozyc sie

Bid...................................Bid.......................Bid .....licytowac

Bind..................................Bound.................Bound .....wiazac

Bite...................................Bit.......................Bitten .....gryzc

Bleed................................Bled.....................Bled .....krwawic

Blow.................................Blew....................Blown .....dmuchac

Break...............................Broke..................Broken .....lamac

Breed...............................Bred....................Bred .....hodowac

Bring................................Brought..............Brought .....przynosic

Broadcast........................Broadcast...........Broadcast ....nadawac

Build.................................Built.....................Built .....budowac

Burn.................................Burnt...................Burnt .....palic

Burst................................Burst...................Burst .....pekac

Buy...................................Bought................Bought .....kupowac

Cast..................................Cast.....................Cast .....rzucac*

Catch................................Caught................Caught .....lapac

Choose.............................Chose..................Chosen .....wybierac

Clap..................................Clapt...................Clapt .....oklaskiwac

Cling.................................Clung..................Clung .....lgnac

Come................................Came..................Come .....przychodzic

Cost..................................Cost....................Cost .....kosztowac

Cost..................................Costed................Costed .....ustalac koszt

Creep...............................Crept..................Crept .....skradac sie

Cut...................................Cut.....................Cut .....ciac

Deal..................................Dealt..................Dealt .....zajmowac sie

Dig....................................Dug.....................Dug .....kopac

Dive.................................Dove...................Dived .....zanurkowac

Do.....................................Did.......................Done .....robic

Draw................................Drew...................Drawn .....rysowac

Dream..............................Dreamt..............Deamt .....snic

Drink................................Drank.................Drunk .....pic

Drive................................Drove..................Driven .....prowadzic

Dwell...............................Dwelt...................Dwelt .....mieszac

Eat....................................Ate......................Eaten .....jesc

Fall...................................Fell......................Fallen .....spadac

Feed.................................Fed......................Fed .....karmic

Feel..................................Felt.......................Felt .....czuc

Fight................................Fought.................Fought .....walczyc

Find.................................Found..................Fund .....znajdowac

Fit....................................Fit........................Fit .....pasowac na sb

Flee.................................Fled.....................Fled .....uciekac

Fling................................Flung...................Flung .....rzucac*

Fly...................................Flew.....................Flown .....latac

Forbear..........................Forbore................Forborne .....powstrzymywac sie

Forbid............................Forbade...............Forbidden .....zabraniac

Forecast.........................Forecast..............Forecast .....zapowiadac

Foresee..........................Foresaw...............Foreseen .....przewidywac

Foretell...........................Foretold...............Foretold .....przepowiadac

Forget.............................Forgot..................Forgotten .....zapominac

Forgive...........................Forgave................Forgiven .....wybaczac

Forsake..........................Forsook................Forsaken .....opuszczac

Freeze.............................Froze....................Frozen .....zamarzac

Frostbite.........................Frostbt................Frostbitten .....doznac odmroenia

Get...................................Got.......................Got .....dostawac

Give.................................Gave.....................Given .....dawac

Go....................................Went.....................Gone .....isc

Grind...............................Ground.................Ground .....mlec

Grow...............................Grew.....................Grown .....rosnac

Hang................................Hung.....................Hung .....wieszac rzecz

Hang................................Hanged..................Hanged .....wieszac sb

Have................................Had........................Had .....miec

Hear.................................Heard....................Heard .....slyszec

Hew.................................Hewed...................Hewn .....ciosac*

Hide.................................Hid.........................Hidden ....ukrywac

Hit....................................Hit.........................Hit .....uderzac

Hold.................................Held......................Held .....trzymac

Hurt................................Hurt.......................Hurt .....ranic

Inlay................................Inlaid...................Inlaid .....inkrustowac

Input...............................Input....................Input .....wprowadzac dane into sth

Keep................................Kept......................Kept .....trzymac

Kneel...............................Knelt.....................Knelt .....kleczec

Knit.................................Knit.......................Knit .....robic na drutach

Know...............................Knew.....................Kown .....wiedziec

Lay..................................Laid.......................Laid .....klasc*

Lead................................Led........................Led .....prowadzic

Lean................................Leant....................Leand .....opieac sie

Leap................................Leapt....................Leapt .....skakac

Learn..............................Learnt...................Learnt .....uczyc sie

Leave..............................Left.......................Left .....opusczac

Lend................................Lent......................Lent .....pozyczac*

Let...................................Let........................Let .....powalac

Lie...................................Lay........................Lain .....lezec

Lie...................................Lied......................Lied .....klamac

Light...............................Lit.........................Lit .....oswietlac

Lose................................Lost......................Lost .....gubic*

Make..............................Made....................Made .....robic

Meet...............................Met........................Met .....spotykac

Mislead.........................Misled....................Misled .....wprowadzac w blad

Misspell........................Misspelt................Mispelt .....zrobicblad ortograficzny

Mistake........................Mistook.................Mistaken .....pomylic

Misunderstand...........Misunderstood.....Misunderstood .....zle zrozumiec

Mow.............................Mowed...................Mown .....kosic

Outdo...........................Outdid...................Outdone .....przewyszac

Outgrow......................Outgrew................Outgrown .....wyrastac

Overcome....................Overcame.............Overcome .....pokonac

Overdo.........................Overdid................Overdone .....przesadzac w czyms

Overdraw....................Overdrew.............Overdrown .....przekrazac kredyt

Overfeed.....................Overfed.................Overfed .....przekarmic

Overhear....................Overheard.............Overhard .....przypadkowo syszec

Oversleep....................Overslept..............Overslept .....zaspac

Overtake......................Overtook..............Overtaen .....przegonic

Pay...............................Paid.........................Paid .....placic

Put...............................Put..........................Put .....klasc

Quit..............................Quit........................Quit .....przestac

Read............................Read........................Read .....czytac

Rebuild.........................Rebuilt...................Rebuilt .....odbudowac

Rewind.........................Rewound...............Rewound .....przewijac

Rewrite.......................Rewrote..................Rewritten .....przepisac

Rid.................................Rid..........................Rid .....uwalniac od czegos

Ride...............................Rode.......................Ridden .....jechac

Ring................................Rang......................Rung .....dzwonic

Ring................................Ringed...................Ringed .....obraczkowac

Rise.................................Rose......................Risen .....ponosic sie

Run................................Ran..........................Run .....biegac

Saw................................Sawed.....................Sawn .....pilowac

Say.................................Said.........................Said .....powiedziec

See.................................Saw..........................Seen .....widziec

Seek................................Sought....................Sought .....szukac

Sell..................................Sold........................Sold .....sprzedawac

Send...............................Sent........................Sent .....wyslac

Set..................................Set..........................Set .....nastawiac

Sew................................Sewed....................Sewn .....szyc

Shake.............................Shook......................Shaken .....potrzasac

Shear.............................Sheared..................Shorn .....strzyc
Shed..............................Shed........................Shed .....lac

Shave.............................Shaved...................Shaven .....golic

Shine.............................Shone......................Shone .....swiecic

Shine.............................Shined.....................Shined ....polerowac

Shoe...............................Shod.......................Shod .....podkuc

Shoot..............................Shot.......................Shot .....strzelac

Show..............................Showed..................Shown ....pokazywac

Shrink............................Shrank..................Shrunk .....kurczyc sie

Shut...............................Shut.......................Shut .....zamykac

Sing................................Sang.......................Sung .....spiewac

Sink................................Sank......................Sunk .....tonac

Sit...................................Sat.........................Sat .....siedziec

Slay................................Slew.......................Slain .....zabijac

Sleep..............................Slept......................Slept .....spac

Slide...............................Slid........................Slid .....slizgac

Sling...............................Slung....................Slung .....ciskac

Slink...............................Slunk....................Slunk .....podkradac sie

Slit..................................Slit........................Slit .....rozcinac

Smell.............................Smelt.....................Smelt .....wachac

Sneak.............................Snuck/-ed.............Snuck/-ed .....podejrzec

Soothsay........................Soothsaid..............Soothsaid .....przepowiadac

Sow................................Sowed....................Sown .....siac

Speak.............................Spoke.....................Spoken .....mowic

Speed.............................Sped.......................Sped .....mknac

Speed up.......................Speeded up...........Speeded up .....przyspeszac

Spell...............................Spelt......................Spelt .....literowac

Spend............................Spent.....................Spent .....wydawac

Spill................................Spilt.......................Spilt .....rozlewac

Spin................................Spun.....................Spun .....przasc

Spit................................Spat.......................Spat .....pluc

Split...............................Split.......................Split .....rozlupac

Spoil................................Spoilt.....................Spolt .....psuc

Spread............................Spread..................Spread ....rozciagac

Spring.............................Sprang..................Sprung .....skoczyc

Stand..............................Stood....................Stood .....stac

Steal................................Stole.....................Stolen .....krasc

Stick................................Stuck....................Stuck .....przykleic

Sting................................Stung...................Stung .....kluc*

Stink................................Stank...................Stunk ....smierdiec

Strew...............................Strewed...............Srewn .....rozrzucic*

Stride..............................Strode...................Strodden .....kroczyc

Strike..............................Struck...................Struck .....uderzac

String..............................Strung...................Strung .....nizac/nawlec*

Strip................................Stript.....................Stript .....zdejmowac

Strive..............................Strove...................Striven .....usiowac

Sublet..............................Sublet...................Sublet .....pdnajmowac

Swear.............................Swore....................Sworn .....klac

Sweat.............................Sweat.....................Sweat .....pocic sie

Sweep.............................Swept....................Swept .....zamiatac

Swell...............................Swelled..................Swollen .....puchnac*

Swim..............................Swam.....................Swum .....plywac

Swing..............................Swung...................Swung .....hustac

Take..............................Took.......................Taken .....brac

Teach.............................Taught...................Taught .....nauczac

Tear................................Tore......................Torn .....rwac

Tell..................................Told......................Told .....powiedzic

Think.............................Thought.................Thought .....myslec

Thrive............................Throve...................Thriven .....kwitnac

Throw............................Threw....................Thrown .....rzucac

Thrust...........................Thrust....................Thrust .....wpychac

Tread............................Trod........................Trodden .....stapac

Unbend.........................Unbent...................Ubent .....wyprostowac

Ubind............................Unbound................Unbound .....rozwiazywac cos zwiazanego

Undergo......................Underwent.............Undergone .....poddawac sie czemus

Underlie......................Underlay.................Underlain .....lezec pod sth

Understand................Understood.............Understood .....rozumiec

Undertake..................Undertook...............Undertaken .....przedsiebrac

Undo...........................Undid........................Undone .....odwiazywac

Unwind.......................Unwound.................Unwound .....odwijac

Uphold........................Upheld.....................Upheld .....podtrzymywac

Upset..........................Upset........................Upset .....wzburzac

Vex..............................Vext..........................Vext .....draznic

Wake...........................Woke........................Woken .....budzic

Wear...........................Wore.........................Worn .....nosic ubranie

Weave........................Wove.........................Woven .....tkac

Wed............................Wed...........................Wed .....zaslubic

Weep..........................Wept..........................Wept .....plakac

Wet.............................Wet...........................Wet .....zwizac

Win.............................Won...........................Won .....wygrywac

Wind..........................Wound......................Wound .....nawijac

Withdraw..................Withdrew................Withdrawn .....wycofywac

Withhold...................Withheld.................Withheld .....wstrzymywac

Withstand.................Withstood...............Withstood .....wytrzymywac

Wring........................Wrung......................Wrung .....wykrecac

Write.........................Wrote.......................Written .....pisac

*Cast light onto sth

Cast a spell on/over -oczarowac

I don't mean to cast down on his version of the story-poddawac w watpliwosc

Cast an eye over sth- rzucac na cos okiem

Cast a vote- oddac glos

Cast aside- pozbyc sie

*Manti pulled off her coat and flung it on the chair.

He flung his arms around my neck.

*

hew--hewed-hewn/ciosac

mow-mowed-mown/kosic

saw--sawed--sawn/pilowac

sew--sewed--sewn/szyc

sow--sowed--sown/siac
*klasc sie....lay-laid--laid

lezec............lie--lay--lain

klamac........lie--lied-lied

*Lending is giving for a time. You lend sth to sb, or lend sb sth. /to dawanie czegos komus na jakis czas. Pozyczasz cos komus, lub pozyczasz komus cos.

I lent my car to Manti, and I never saw it again.[:)]

Lend me your comb for a minute, will you?

Borrowing is taking for a time. You borrow sth from sb. /to branie czegos na jakis czas. Pozyczasz cos od kgos.

Can I borrow your bicycle?

I borrowed 10 zloty from Manti.

* lose- gubic, but loose- luzny

to tie up the loose ends-dopracowac szczegoly

loosely-luzno

*to be stung by a bee

*the Ocean looks like thousands diamonds strewn across a blue blanket.

*To string beads on the golden thread.

*Swollen tonsils.

...Overview...

1. Present Simple
a. Statement /twierdzenie
Osoba+Czasownik / wyjatek 3osoba l.p.+czasownik+s
I accept. She accepts.
b. Question /pytanie
Do+Osoba+Czasownik?/ dla 3 os l.p. Does+Osoba+Czasownik?
Do I play tennis? Does he play tennis?
c. Negation /zaprzeczenie
Osoba+Don't+Czasownik/ dla 3 os l.p. Osoba+Doesn't+Czaswonik.
You don't work. It doesn't work.

2. Past Simple
a. Statement /twerdzenie
Osoba+Czasownik+regular past form ending -ed/ Osoba+Czasownik+irregular simple past.
I smiled. You went.
b. Question /pytanie
Did+Osoba+Czasownik?
Did you go?
c.Negaion /zaprzeczenie
Osoba+Didn't+Czasownik.
They didn't do this.

3.Present Continuous
a. Statement /twierdzenie
Osoba+am+Czasownik+ing
Osoba+are+Czasownik+ing
Osoba+is+Czasownik+ing
I am jumping. You are jumping. She is jumping. We are sleeping. They are walking.
b. Question /pytanie
Am+Osoba+Czasownk+ing?
Is+Osoba+Czasownk+ing?
Are+Osoba+Czasownk+ing?
Am I standing? Is he singing? Are they smiling?
c.Negaion /zaprzeczenie
Osoba+Am+not+czasownik+ing (There is no contraction form for am not!)
Osoba+Is+not+czasownik+ing
Osoba+Are+not+czasownik+ing
I am not joking. It isn't breathing. They aren't moving.

4. Past Continuous
a. Statement /twierdzenie
Osoba+Was+Czasownik+ing
Osoba+Were+Czasownik+ing
I was running. She was singing. It was looking. We were singing. They were grinning. You were talking.
b. Question /pytanie
Was+Osoba+Czasownik+ing?
Were+Osoba+Czasownik+ing?
Was I sleep walking? Were they laughing?
c.Negaion /zaprzeczenie
Osoba+Wasn't+Czasownik+ing
Osoba+Weren't+Czasownik+ing
It wasn't smiling. You weren't kicking.

5. Future Simple
a. Statement /twierdzenie
Osoba+Will+Czasownik
I will kick.
b. Question /pytanie
Shall+I+Czasownik?
Shall+we+Czaswonik?
Will+osoba+Czasownik?
Shall we dance? Will You be here later?
c. Negation /zaprzeczenie
Osoba+shan't+czasownik
Osoba+won't+Czasownik
I shan't do this. We won't go there.

6. Present Perfect
a. Statement /twierdzenie
Osoba+have+Czasowik Past Participle
Osoba+has+Czasowik Past Participle
I hav seen it. She has gone. He has eaten. It has won.
b. Question /pytanie
Have+Osoba+Czasownik Past Participle?
Has+Osoba+Czasownik Past Participle?
Have I done that? Has he heard it?
c. Negation /zaprzeczenie
Osoba+haven't+Czasownik Past Participle
Osoba+hasn't+Czasownik Past Participle
I haven't done that. He hasn't seen me.